Tsuga is a coniferous species of evergreen trees of the Pine family (it should be distinguished from pseudotsuga thyssolate). Its homeland is the North American continent and East Asia. The height of the trees is from 5-6 m to 25-30 m. The largest at 75 m was recorded in the western Tsugi.
The plant plays a significant role in maintaining the ecosystem of the planet. This is a great solution for gardeners. Their varieties are used for decorative purposes and the wood processing industry.
Specifications
The needles of a plant, even on one branch, can vary in length. The ends of the shoots are decorated with small ovoid cones. Tsuga is growing slowly. Its growth is negatively affected by air pollution and dryness. The cessation of seasonal growth is observed in June.
The price for Tsugi seedlings ranges from 800-1200 rubles. Large-sized plants are more expensive than seedlings.
Types of Tsugi
To date, 14 to 18 plant species are known. Tsugi are most widely used:
| View | Description |
| Canadian | It is colorful and diverse. This is the most common type. It is found everywhere in the middle lane. Homeland - the eastern regions of the North American continent. It is cold-resistant, it is undemanding to soil and moisture. Often divided into several trunks at the base. The height can reach 25 ± 5 m, and the trunk width is 1 ± 0.5 m. At first, the bark is brown and smooth. Over time, it becomes wrinkled and begins to exfoliate. It has an elegant crown in the form of a pyramid with horizontal branches. Young branches hang like an arc. The needles are shiny flat 9-15 cm in length and up to 2 mm thick, at the top - obtuse and round at the base. Top has a dark green color, bottom 2 white stripes. Cones are light brown, ovate 2-2.5 cm long and 1-1.5 cm wide, slightly lowered. Covering scales are somewhat shorter than seed. Seeds are light brown, ripen in October. Seed ≈4 mm long. Decorative varieties vary in type of habit and color of needles. |
| Leafy | Reaches 20 m. Japan is considered her homeland. It grows at 800-2100 m above sea level. It has brilliant needles, poorly perceives calcareous soil. The kidneys are small rounded. The needles have a characteristic linear-oblong shape ≈1 ± 0.5 cm long and about 3-4 mm wide. Cones are ovoid in shape, densely sitting, up to 2 cm in length. Frost resistant. |
| Karolinskaya | It is found in the east of the North American continent in the mountains, ravines, along the rocky banks of the rivers and is distinguished by a wide conical, dense crown, brown bark, crowned with thin shoots with dense pubescence. Height can exceed 15 m. Shoots combine light, yellow and brown colors. The needles are dark green below with two greenish-white stripes. The length of the needles is on average 11-14 mm. Cones are light brown up to 3.5 cm in length. It has a low winter hardiness in relation to the middle lane. Shade tolerant. I like moderate watering and fertile soil. |
| Western | Comes from the northern regions of America, is a more decorative species. Trees are characterized by rapid growth, low frost resistance. Their height reaches 60 m. The bark is thick, red-brown. The buds are small, fluffy, round. Cones are sessile, oblong, up to 2.5 cm in length. In a temperate climate, its dwarf forms are usually grown, which must be covered for the winter. |
| Chinese | Comes from China. It features decorative characteristics, an attractive crown resembling a pyramid in shape, and bright needles. He feels well in warm and humid climates. |
| Himalayan | It lives in the mountain system of the Himalayas at an altitude of 2500-3500 m above sea level. The tree is relatively tall with sprawling branches and hanging branches. The shoots are light brown, the kidneys are rounded. Needles are dense 20-25 mm long. Cones are sessile, ovoid, 20-25 mm in length. |
Popular varieties of Tsugi for growing in Russia
In mid-latitude conditions, the Canadian Tsuga feels great. More than 60 varieties are known, but the following are most common in Russia:
| Grade | Feature |
| Variegata | A distinctive feature of the variety is a beautiful silver needles. |
| Aurea | It is characterized by golden ends of shoots. Height can reach 9 m. |
| Globose | A decorative form with a crown resembling a ball and arched, curved, often hanging branches. |
| Jeddeloch (eddeloch) | Miniature shape with a dense crown, short spiral and dense branches. The bark of the shoots is purple-gray, the needles are dark green. |
| Pendula | A multi-stem tree up to 3.8 m in height with a weeping crown. Skeletal branches hang down. The needles are shiny dark green with a bluish tint. It is grown as an independent plant or grafted on a standard. |
| Nana | It reaches a height of 1-2 m. It has an elegant thick rounded crown. The needles are smooth and shiny. The needles are dark green, young shoots of bright green color are arranged horizontally. Branches are short, protruding, looking down. The plant is frost-resistant, shade-loving, prefers moist sandy or clay soil. Needles up to 2 cm long and ≈1 mm wide. The variety is propagated by seeds and cuttings. Recommended for decorating rocky areas. |
| Bennett | Up to 1.5 m in height, crowned with a fan-shaped crown with dense needles up to 1 cm in length. |
| Minute | A form with a crown height and width of less than 50 cm. The length of the annual shoots does not exceed 1 cm. The length of the needles is 8 ± 2 mm, the width is 1-1.5 mm. Above - dark green, below - with white stomatal canals. |
| Iceberg | In height up to 1 m, has a pyramidal openwork crown and hanging branches. Needle needles, dark blue-green with a dusting. The variety is shade tolerant, prefers moist, fertile and loose soil. |
| Gracilis | Dark needles. In height, it can reach 2.5 m. |
| Prostrata | Creeping variety, up to 1 m wide. |
| Minima | Exceptionally stunted plant up to 30 cm tall with shortened branches and small needles. |
| Fountain | The undersized variety is up to 1.5 m. Its peculiarity is a plausible appearance of the crown. |
| Summer snow | Unusual view of a tsuga up to 1.5 m high with young shoots covered with whitish needles. |
| Albospicata | Low-growing trees up to 3 m high. The ends of the shoots are yellowish-white. The needles on appearance are yellowish, with a bright green color with age. |
| Sargenti | A variety of Tsugi up to 4.5 m high. |
| New Gold | The variety description resembles the Aurea variety. Young needles have a golden yellow tint. |
| Macrophile | Widespread variety. Trees with a wide crown and large needles reach a height of 24 m. |
| Microfila | Elegant and delicate plant. The needles are 5 mm long and 1 mm wide. Stomatal canals are bluish-green. |
| Ammerland | Bright green needles along with the tips of the branches against the background of dark green needles are the decoration of the site. The height rarely exceeds 1 m. The crown resembles the shape of a fungus: young branches grow horizontally, adult branches usually lean down. |
| Dwarf whittype | The dwarf plant is keglevidnoy form. Needles in late spring and early summer are white with a tendency to gradual greening. |
| Parviflora | Elegant dwarf form. Brown shoots. Needles up to 4-5 mm in length. Stomatal canals indistinct. |
Landing requirements
For planting purposes, seedlings in containers are selected. Their recommended height is up to 50 cm, age is up to 8 years, and the branches should be green. It is necessary to ensure that the root system looks healthy with sprouted, not knocked down roots, as it spreads along the surface of the earth.
Landing process
For growing, semi-shaded, windless, ecologically clean places are suitable. Optimal is fresh, moist, acidified, well-drained fertile soil. The first two weeks of May, August, are considered the best time to land. The depth of the planting pit should be at least twice the length of the roots of the seedling. Optimum - at least 70 cm.
The landing scheme looks like this:
- To ensure good drainage, the bottom of the pit is covered with a layer of sand with a thickness of 15 cm. The sand is pre-washed and calcined.
- The pit is filled with a soil mixture of turf land, leaf soil and sand in a ratio of 2: 1: 2. Sometimes they use a mixture of compost with garden soil in a 1: 1 ratio.
- A sapling with an earthen lump is lowered into the pit.
- The root system is sprinkled with soil, without touching the zone of transition of roots into the trunk.
- Water the seedlings abundantly (about 10 liters of water per hole) and mulch the soil with gravel, bark or wood chips.
In group landings, the distance between the pits is taken into account. Normally, it should be 1.5-2.0 m.
In the first 24 months, seedlings are covered from the wind, they are unstable due to the weak development of the root system. Young plants are more susceptible to frost than their stronger counterparts.
Care
To grow and develop, tsuge needs regular watering at the rate of ≈10 l of water per week for 1 m². Once a month, spraying the crown is useful. The plant should be fed in autumn and spring, spending no more than 200 g of compost per 10 liters of water.
Tsuga loves phosphate and potash fertilizers, but does not tolerate nitrogen.
Branches touching the ground in order to avoid rotting is recommended to cut. Loosening is best done with strong soil compaction no deeper than 10 cm.
Caring for a Tsuga in the suburbs has its own characteristics. Before the onset of cold weather, the plant should be covered with spruce branches or peat. Snow needs to be thrown off the branches so that they do not break.
Tsugi seed and vegetative propagation
Plant propagation is carried out:
- The seeds. They emerge 3-4 months after entering the soil at a temperature of + 3 ... +5 ° C.
- Cuttings. Cuttings are made in early spring and summer, cutting side branches. Rooting is possible with high humidity and moderate soil.
- Layering. Use shoots lying on the ground. With good contact with the soil and regular watering, their rooting takes place within 2 years. When propagating by layering, the tsuga does not always retain the crown shape characteristic of it.
Tsugu diseases and pests
The spider mite is the main enemy of the Canadian Tsugi. It is necessary to cut the shoots infected with this pest, and also do not forget to rinse the entire tree. If necessary, the use of acaricides is allowed.
Tiny insects, insects, and moths can also be dangerous.
Mr. Dachnik recommends: Tsuga in landscape design
In landscape design, a Tsuga looks good in combination with deciduous trees and shrubs with lighter foliage. It can be used for symmetrical planning, as well as in group (in the form of alleys) and solitary landings. Tall trees are often used as hedges.
Tsuga tolerates pruning well. Significantly popular are dwarf falling forms suitable for rock gardens. The need for moderate moisture allows the plant to decorate ponds. A thick crown protects delicate plants from heat, allowing them to be grown in comfortable conditions, and slow growth is an important advantage in landscape design.
