Grapes are a perennial culture with a powerful root system and a flexible trunk. But at the same time this is a very moody plant, it is afraid of cold weather, prone to various diseases and pest attacks.
Plants can suffer from the negative effects of viruses, fungi, bacteria and parasites. Factors that provoke weakening of grapes include improper care, external damage and inappropriate climatic conditions. Decreased resistance increases the risk of contracting diseases such as oidium, rot, anthracnose, mildew. Also, we must not forget about parasites. The most dangerous pests for grapes are mites, leafworms, phylloxera, false shields, mealybugs.
Table of stages of processing grapes and the use of drugs
To protect the vine bushes from parasites and infectious diseases, the gardener should regularly spray with special preparations.
The scheme for processing grapes from diseases and pests is presented below. The table contains a description of each stage, indicating the favorable and unfavorable days of the fight against diseases and pests for 2020.
| Period | Days (depending on the region) | Preparations | What is it used for? | |
| Favorable | Unfavorable | |||
| The opening of the vine, the kidney is still in a dormant state. | March 1, 2, 7, 9, 18, 19, 20, 25-27, 30. April 3, 15, 16, 17, 20-27. May 2, 3, 9, 12, 13. | April 11, 19. May 1, 16. | Solution of iron sulfate (1.5%). | Destruction of overwintered pathogens and parasites. |
| Swelling and blooming of the kidneys | May 2, 3, 9, 12, 13, 18, 19, 24. | May 1, 16. | Use in the complex: Polyram; Actellik or Bi58. | Prevention of infectious ailments manifested in the past season. Protection against false shields. |
| 4-5 true leaves appear | May 2, 3, 9, 12, 13, 18, 19, 24. June 4, 6, 9,11,14. | May 1, 16. | Topaz or Bi58 Chorus Profit Gold Cuprolux Fufanon Nova Iskra-M | Neutralization of felt mites and pathogens that provoke the appearance of mildew. Bushes that have previously been affected by this pathology are subjected to treatment. |
| Vines development | June 4, 6, 9,11,14,16, 19, 20, 22. | not | Tiovit Jet Topaz | Protecting shoots from oidium. |
| Before budding | June 4, 6, 9,11,14,16, 19, 20, 22. July 3, 6, 8, 17, 19, 25. | July 9th. | Apply together: Acrobat MC or Ridomil Gold MC; Actellic Strobi or Topaz. If necessary, Abiga Peak, Spark Double Effect, Fufanon Nova. | Prevention and treatment of powdery mildew during heat. Destruction of leaflets. |
| After flowering | July 3, 6, 8.17, 19, 25. August 15, 20, 21, 23, 24. | July 9th. August 6th. | Tiovit Jet Iskra-M Sulfur (colloidal or garden) | The reason for processing is the detection of spider mites and signs of oidium. |
| The formation and growth of clusters | July 3, 6, 8.17, 19, 25. August 15, 20, 21, 23, 24. | July 9th. August 6th. | Actellik in parallel with Ridomil Gold, Topaz, Spark Double Effect. | Prevention of infectious diseases, elimination of mealybugs, leafworms and phylloxera. |
| Maturation | August 15, 20, 21, 23, 24. September 13th. | August 6th. | Tiovit Jet Lures | Destruction of ticks and wasps. Processing is carried out only in dry weather. |
| After grape harvest | September 13, 25, 27. October 3, 7, 13. | not. | Alirin-B Fitoverm Lelidocide Spark bio Bitoxibacillin | Protection of bushes from diseases and pests. |
| Before sheltering bushes for the winter. | October 3, 7, 13, 17, 24. November 1, 10. | not. | Nitrafen or DNOC. The latter is used 1 time in 3 years. Solution of iron sulfate (1-1.5%) | Neutralization of carriers of infection and parasites that survived previous procedures. |
When disturbing symptoms appear, the plants carry out additional procedures. They get rid of oidium by means of fungicides such as Tild-250, Tiovit Jet, Strobi, Topaz. Among folk remedies, colloidal and garden sulfur are isolated.
Oidium grapeFighting mildew with high humidity is much more difficult than in dry weather. In the circumstances, it is best to use the following drugs: Delan, Abiga Peak, Thanos, Oksikhom. 
Mildew on grapes
Young growth can be severely affected by return frosts. The vines themselves on especially cool days are covered with agril. To fix it, trellises and clothespins are used. In the aisles put containers filled with water. Grapes susceptible to mildew are sprayed with Cuprolux and Profit Gold for prophylactic purposes. Thus they prevent the appearance of rot and other pathological formations on foliage and flexible shoots.
Each preparation is accompanied by instructions for use. When choosing medicinal formulations, it is necessary to take into account their principle of action.
For example, Profit Gold is considered a systemic fungicide. The drug is used to control pests. 
Abiga Peak will not be able to protect new leaves that appeared after processing. This is due to its contact action. The beneficial effect decreases markedly with precipitation. The manufacturer recommends spraying grape bushes after each rain. And you need to do this in dry weather.
Spraying is not the only mandatory procedure. Experienced winegrowers supplement the list with timely top dressing, removal of weeds, pruning excess shoots, loosening and mulching the soil.
Harvesting must be completed before the first autumn frost sets in. In this case, the gardener should focus on climatic conditions.
After the seedlings are carefully dug up and put in water for 8 hours. The next step is to place them in a prepared place for storage. Cutting vines is carried out only two weeks after the leaves fall. Waste is burned, the soil in the aisles is dug up. The vine bushes are pruned, watered for the last time and covered for the winter.
