A house in the country can be one-story or have 2-3 floors - here a lot is determined by the financial situation of the owners. Usually, if there is enough money, people prefer to build a two-story house - there is more useful area, and it takes up as much space on the site as a one-story building or a little more. The construction of any two-story house will not do without a staircase. Wood is one of the most suitable materials for its manufacture. A staircase made of wood is suitable for any interior and will become its decoration. Wooden stairs for a summer residence today can be ordered in specialized companies or made independently.
Structural varieties of stairs
The main types of stairs are, of course, marching and turning. Straight stairs are marching constructions, they are easiest to assemble, but they take up a lot of space, so this option is more suitable for a large house.
Marching stairs with risers and interesting railings made of timber, mesh and metal bars. Lateral supports are used a little, their lack compensates use of a grid. The hall of the first floor is spacious, the use of the flight of stairs is quite appropriate here
The rotary staircase is compact, it can be spiral and marching. Installing a swivel ladder saves space, especially screw structures, but the minus is that they themselves are not easy to make.
Spiral staircases look much more original than marching ones, such a staircase in itself is the central detail of the interior, but for its production it is necessary to attract specialists
The main stages of the construction of the stairs
Stage # 1 - Choosing the Right Material
Work begins on the creation of the stairs already with the choice of material. Pine, beech, birch, ash, oak - wood species that are best suited for this - they look beautiful in the interior and are durable in use. The oak staircase is the most expensive and durable, but pine is a relatively inexpensive material with good characteristics.
Stage # 2 - carrying out calculations and drawing up drawings
Before you begin to design, you will need to calculate the dimensions of the stairs and make its drawing. For the house, you can make an oblique staircase with risers, balusters and railings. We will consider how to build a staircase without turns with a single march lift.
First you need to prepare a place for installation. If you neglect this moment, the staircase may not be installed correctly, with time, a creak will appear, gaps. Roughnesses in the floor and walls entail an incorrect load distribution, which leads to deformation of the structure.
Knowledge of the basic norms is necessary to make the necessary calculations. The ideal angle of elevation of the march is 45 degrees, but if there is not enough space, it can be reduced to 30-40 degrees.
The scheme of construction of a wooden marching staircase with risers. A simple design can be used both inside the house and on the street during the construction of the porch
Then you need to calculate the length of the stairs. Here you have to remember the school course of geometry. The formula for calculating the hypotenuse of a right triangle will help you: c = √ (a2 + b2). Here c - will be the length of the side bases, and a - the height from the floor to the second floor, b - the distance between the point where it is planned to place the first step to the mark of the second floor, which will need to be projected onto the floor.
Depending on the height and internal structure of the house, the staircase can be single-march or two-march. The height of the risers is 290 mm. The width of the steps is not more than 25 cm, 3 cm goes to the ledge. If the steps are high, or the number of steps in the march exceeds 18, you can make a small platform (700 / 1000mm). The width of the march should not be less than 80cm, ideally it should be a meter.
According to the established standards, the height of the railing is from 90 cm to a meter. It will be much easier to work if you indicate all the necessary calculations on the drawing of the future staircase.
Stage # 3 - preparation of tools and organization of work
Tools and materials that will be needed for work: a meter, a pencil for marking, a hammer, a square for marking braids, a hacksaw, boards for steps, risers, braids, screws, nails, a rail for railings and balusters.
Initially, side bases are made. We measure the angle of abutment to the floor from the bottom edge of the board, draw a horizontal line. From the line with a square measure the width and height for each step to the top, then measure the angle of contact to the 2nd base. In the same way, we mark up the second board. We cut out the patterns with a hacksaw, fix in the right place with the help of screws.
The next stage is sawing and nailing risers to the base. They should fit snugly without distortions, perfectly even. After the base is finished, steps can be mounted.
Steps can be made from a solid board or use two narrow boards 15 cm wide. What you choose is your business, but the tree should lie firmly, evenly. Boards are fixed with screws and nails
Stage # 4 (optional) - the device of handrails and fences
The railing is an important part of any staircase, they make the ascent and descent safe, and perform a decorative function, adding completeness to the staircase structure. A simple option that will look good is a railing made of timber. We cut meter balusters. Two balusters will be direct supports, the rest must be filed and shortened by 5-10 cm at an angle of 45 degrees. The side supports are nailed to the steps; grooves can be cut into them. A bar is placed on top, performing the function of a handrail.
Variants of staircases for summer cottages: 1 - marching with risers, 2 - without risers, 3 - rotary construction, 4 - light wooden staircase, 5 - light spiral staircase made of wood and metal, 6 - spiral staircase with steps along the support pillar
If you want to create an original staircase, the railing can be made of another material - order forged railing, metal or even tempered glass to the wooden staircase. Carved details will also give an attractive look to the stairs.
Swivel staircase made of wood and metal. Wrought iron railings and metal supports blend perfectly with wooden steps
Marching stairs with a small platform. The site will be convenient with a large number of steps. A staircase without classic risers looks easier. The design looks aesthetically pleasing despite its simplicity
A staircase can be without a railing, but this option is not common - it’s dangerous for children to walk on such stairs and carry bulky objects up.
If you wish, you can make a staircase without a railing - for example, like this staircase-wardrobe, where the under-staircase is used for business - in such a kind of wardrobe you can place dishes and other small things, and the design as a whole looks very original
Here's a simple staircase if you follow this instruction. The design is ready, and if you varnish it, skillfully choose the decor, then it will look attractive and aesthetically pleasing, despite its simplicity.
