Among a large number of varieties of chrysanthemums, it is necessary to distinguish Indian. She is famous for her unusual appearance and undemanding care. You can grow a culture not only to decorate a summer cottage, but also to cut it. Subject to all the features of care, it is possible to obtain a plant with large buds and a long flowering period.
Description of Indian Chrysanthemum
Indian Chrysanthemum is a perennial plant that has the following description:
- the height of the bush can reach up to 1.5 meters;
- leaves, dissected, green with a dull surface;
- buds with a basket, the color depends on the variety;
- medium-sized buds with a pronounced smell;
- culture blooms in September and before the first frosts;
- the roots are underdeveloped, not deeply located.
Growing Indian Chrysanthemum
With proper care, chrysanthemum grows rapidly. However, it can fully bloom only a year after planting.
Briefly about the history of the appearance
The chrysanthemum was first cultivated by the Chinese - more than 2500 years ago. The plant was grown as a spice for cooking. However, the culture began to spread to other countries from Japan and India.
It was brought to Europe by travelers and was named Chrysanthemum indicum (small-flowered chrysanthemum). A feature of the plant was yellow - orange color buds. At the moment, there are a large number of varieties of this chrysanthemum, which are obtained by crossing different types.
History of occurrence
Beneficial features
The Japanese believed that eating chrysanthemum petals prolonged life. The following beneficial properties of the plant are distinguished:
- increased appetite;
- reduction of pain in the digestive system;
- lowers body temperature;
- leaves are used to treat migraines;
- used to treat Parkinson's disease.
In addition, the plant contains the following medicinal components: essential oil, camphor, choline, adelin, vitamin A.
Useful properties of the plant
Important! The medicinal properties of the petals of the bud during the period of active flowering.
Common varieties
Breeding chrysanthemum is a favorite pastime for many gardeners. Indian chrysanthemum is divided into the following popular varieties:
- Aurora - bush height reaches 1 meter. The buds are small, orange. With proper care, buds can reach a diameter of up to 10 cm;
- Snow elf - a characteristic feature of the variety are pom-pom buds. Inflorescences are white in color with a faint aroma;
- Vimini - small yellow buds. The middle is covered with smaller brown petals. Along the edges is a number of large ones;
- Artist - a distinctive feature of the variety is a lush bush. Plant height can reach 1.5 meters. Coloring mix consisting of pink and white stripes on the petals;
- Leopard - a plant reaches a height of 1 meter. The leaves are large, dark green in color. The buds are burgundy, large;
- Fanfare is a bush of small height. A distinctive feature of the culture is the different color of the buds;
- Indian gazelle - bush height up to 1 meter. The buds are large. In diameter, they can reach up to 17 cm. Terry petals are white.
Common varieties of chrysanthemums
Indian chrysanthemum includes a mixture of different varieties that differ in individual characteristics and the color of the buds.
Planting Indian Chrysanthemum seedlings in open ground
Planting a seedling of chrysanthemum in open ground is necessary only after the risk of frost is reduced. The most preferred period is mid-May. You must select a site with a neutral type of soil. The site should be well lit by the sun. Otherwise, the growth of spray chrysanthemum decline. To place a seedling in the ground is necessary on a cloudy day.
To do this, perform the following algorithm of actions:
- Make a trench up to 40 cm deep.
- Place seedlings in a trench at a distance of at least 40 cm from each other.
- Sprinkle with soil and compact.
- Pour with warm water.
In order for the plant to take root faster, you can add Kornevin to the water. To get a lush bush after planting, it is recommended to pinch the top of the seedling.
Important! Before planting, the soil must be decontaminated with a solution of manganese.
Care Chrysanthemum Indicum
Chrysanthemum indicum does not require complicated care. However, the implementation of simple rules allows you to get large buds, and extend the flowering period until the first frost.
Outdoor crop care
Watering
You can grow a culture only with proper watering. The plant prefers moist soil, but should not be too zealous, the accumulation of water leads to decay of the roots.
In standard weather conditions, watering is recommended every three days. Irrigation intensity is adjusted by looking at the weather.
Top dressing
It is necessary to grow a culture on a nutritious type of soil. If the necessary substances in the soil are not enough, special feeding is used. To do this, choose the following types of fertilizers:
- during the period of growth of green mass, nitrogen substances are used;
- during the formation of buds, potash and phosphorus additives are introduced into the soil.
In autumn, before digging for the winter, humus is added, which also acts as a heater.
Pruning
Home chrysanthemums require regular pruning. The procedure is carried out in three stages:
- the first stage - in early summer, the upper part of the bush is cut. This contributes to the appearance of lateral shoots;
- the second pruning is carried out in the middle of summer, the tops of the side shoots are cut off;
- the third pruning is done in the fall. The shoots are completely cut off, leaving no more than 10 cm above the ground. The procedure is done before sending the bush for wintering.
Chrysanthemum pruning
If pruning is not carried out, the bush grows weak and requires garter.
Transfer
Chrysanthemum does not tolerate frosts, therefore, to maintain the characteristics of the variety, it is necessary to dig a bush in late autumn. Transplant the bush in the spring regularly to a new place. This will contribute to the rapid development of the plant and abundant flowering.
Winter preparations
One of the main conditions for growing chrysanthemum is digging it up. Before you dig a bush, it must be properly prepared. In a few weeks, add humus, which saturates the soil with all the necessary substances. Trim the bush, and carefully dig out a lump of earth together with a lump. Put the plant in a pot and send to a cool place.
The most suitable storage location is the basement. They keep the culture there throughout the winter. It is important to follow the rules: water every few weeks and make sure that mold does not form.
Important! You can not dig out a chrysanthemum. However, in this case, a special construction made of polyethylene is used for insulation. The roots of the plant are covered with spruce branches and old things.
Methods of reproduction chrysanthemum indicum
The method of propagation of the culture is chosen individually by the gardener. The seed method and cuttings are used.
Seed cultivation
For breeding, you must first grow seedlings. The following list of actions is carried out:
- In early March, it is necessary to prepare containers for seedlings and fill them with a nutrient mixture. Ready-made substrate can be used. However, many gardeners prepare their own soil mix. For this, they are mixed in equal parts: turfy soil, humus and peat.
- Prepared soil must be decontaminated with a light solution of manganese or exposed to low temperature (freeze).
- Spread the seeds on top of the ground and pour with warm water using a spray gun.
- Cover with glass and place on the windowsill.
Growing crops from seeds
Shoots will appear in 2 weeks. In some cases, it is recommended to use a fluorescent lamp. Since the seed of the crop is small, the beds are planted densely. After the emergence of seedlings, it is necessary to thin out the beds, leaving stronger specimens.
Important! You can plant seeds in open ground, such a planting is carried out in mid-May. However, often such seedlings only begin to bloom the following year.
Rooting cuttings
This method is used very often. For propagation in early summer, cut the chrysanthemum shoot into cuttings 15 cm long. Put in Kornevin for 2 hours and plant in open ground.
Top with cut plastic bottles. In hot weather, regularly ventilate and care for the cuttings. Observing daily watering. In the fall, transplant the cuttings into a pot and send them for storage to a cool place.
Cuttings of chrysanthemums
Possible growing problems and pests
Chrysanthemum is rarely affected by disease. However, improper care may cause the following problems:
- gray rot - brown spots appear on the leaves and shoots. For treatment, it is necessary to treat the bush with a Bordeaux mixture;
- Aphids are one of the common problems during growing. It feeds on the juice of the plant and can lead to its death. To eliminate the pest, it is necessary to treat the bush with a soapy solution;
- the plant does not bloom - such a problem can occur with an excessive amount of fertilizer. The bush must be transplanted to a new growth site.
With proper care, diseases and pests do not appear.
Growing chrysanthemum allows you to enjoy vibrant flowers in late autumn. In order for the bush to bloom violently and not be exposed to disease, it is necessary to water in a timely manner and introduce nutrient components. Indian chrysanthemum is divided into a large number of varieties, which have their own individual characteristics and will become an adornment of any garden plot.
