Indoor primrose: home care and breeding options

Primrose is a small decorative plant, the flowering season of which begins in early spring. Another name is primrose, it takes root both in open soil and at home.

What does primrose look like?

Primrose flower is a herbaceous perennial plant belonging to the family of Primrose. Leaves are painted in gray-green shades, often monophonic. They have the shape of an elongated oval, which tapers down. Depending on the variety, the edges of the leaves are even or jagged, the surface is smooth or embossed. The leaves are covered with a small pile, soft and slightly fluffy to the touch.

The height of the flower-bearing stalk usually does not exceed 25-50 cm, at its base a bunch of leaves grows, which is placed on top of the soil. At the top of the peduncle is an inflorescence in the form of an umbrella, which consists of a group of flowers. Varieties with a short stem and single flowers are found. Flowers can be painted in yellow, purple, white and red, also in pink and lilac shades. Petals can be plain or colorful, the core of the flower is often yellow.

Pink flowers

Flower in full growth

Common varieties

There are about 20 varieties of primrose that take root in the climatic conditions of the middle zone, these include:

• Primrose ordinary stemless reaches no more than 20 cm in height. The leaves have an oval shape, the surface is ribbed, painted in a saturated green color. Inflorescences consist of flowers with a diameter of 3-4 cm, the color may be different. Flowering begins in April, ends in July;
• Spring primrose - perennial plant that is found in wild forests, fields and meadows. Well takes root in garden plots. The length of the stalk is within 15-25 cm, the leaves are oblong with an uneven surface and jagged edges. The flowers are painted yellow, collected in an inflorescence in the shape of an umbrella;
• Grape primrose well takes root in rocky terrain, its leaves are more rigid. The surface of the sheet is smooth and glossy, painted green with a gray tint. The flower-bearing stalk is tall, grows up to 20-25 cm in length. Above is an inflorescence of spike-shaped, which consists of 6 yellow flowers;
• Fine-toothed primrose - This is a large plant, its height reaches 30 cm. The leaves are oval and wide, the surface is embossed with teeth along the edges. The leaves grow to a length of 40 cm. The inflorescence has the shape of a ball with a diameter of 8-10 cm, consists of tubular flowers 10-15 cm in size. The flowers bloom in April-May, painted in white, red, purple or purple;
• Primula varieties Viale, or Orchid, differs from other varieties, outwardly it does not look like an ordinary primrose. The plant was bred in China, is well established in moist soil. A flowering stalk up to 20 cm high with a plaque over its entire length; it is crowned with an inflorescence with bell-shaped buds. During flowering, Vial's primrose resembles lavender flowers in shape and color;
• Zybold primrose - a perennial plant, named after the botanist who first brought several varieties of plants from Japan to Europe. An inflorescence in the form of an umbrella can include from 5 to 15 flowers at a time, the color is white, lilac or purple;
• Terry primrose was bred by breeders, its distinguishing feature is a large number of petals, when compared with other varieties. Externally, flowers resemble small lush roses, can be white, red and pink;
• Primrose varieties Obkonika - A small plant that takes root well at home. A plant with a lush rosette of leaves does not exceed 30 cm in height. Large flowers grow up to 8 cm in diameter, have a rounded shape and are collected in inflorescences-umbrellas. It blooms almost all year with a break in the summer;
• Wild forest primrose - a plant on the basis of which all other varieties and varieties are derived. It grows in the wild, in forests and in the fields;
• Japanese garden primrose - perennial plant, belongs to the group of candelabrum due to the multi-tiered arrangement of inflorescences. The main stem grows up to 40-50 cm in height, the leaves are oblong in shape, at the base they are connected into a symmetrical bunch. Flowers are painted in different shades of red and pink.

Appearance story

It is not known when primrose appeared exactly, even in ancient times, people knew about its medicinal properties. There are several legends about the origin of the flower. One of them says that the apostle Peter was the keeper of the keys to Paradise, and one day he learned that evil spirits had forged his keys. Peter was frightened and, due to his carelessness, dropped the bunch on the ground, later a flower grew on this place that reminded him of this incident. The primrose inflorescence turned upside down resembles a bunch of keys. Translated from German, the name of the flower sounds like "Peter's keys" or "Heavenly keys."

Yellow inflorescence

Home Care

The primrose is perennial, planting and caring for which take a little time, will delight with lush bloom until the beginning of summer. The plant requires a certain air temperature and regular watering, it is also necessary to choose the right land for planting.

Humidity

The percentage of air humidity for primrose is not very important, the plant takes root both in dry and in wet rooms. In the hot season, the leaves may dry out so that this does not happen; every day it is necessary to irrigate them with settled water from the spray gun.

Temperature

For primrose, it is important to observe the temperature regime, the flower does not tolerate heat. The ideal air temperature for the primrose is 15-18 ° C, in summer it should be within 20 ° C. In the cold season, the plant should stand in a cool room, on a loggia or balcony. If the flower pot is on the windowsill, it is better to choose rooms whose windows face the West, North or East.

Flower on the windowsill

Watering

In the flowering season, primrose requires a large amount of moisture, it must be regularly watered. The earth in the flower pot should always be moist, without excess. Primrose does not tolerate a large amount of water that stagnates. Watering Rules:

• In autumn and spring, the plant is watered every other day, the amount of water depends on the volume of the pot. Pour water in parts until the soil becomes moist;
• In winter, the plant is watered every 2-3 days or as the soil dries;
• In the hot season, primroses are watered every day;
• Water for irrigation should settle in open containers for several days. Do not use tap water immediately;

Earth mixture

Primrose, home care which includes watering and top dressing, should be planted in a special soil mixture. Ground for primrose should be nutritious and loose. At the bottom of the pot, lay out a drainage layer of fine pebbles or vermiculite 1-2 cm high. For earth mixtures must be mixed in the same proportions:

• Sheet soil;
• Sand;
• Peat soil.

To plant the primrose of the variety Obkonika, you must additionally add 1 part of the turf soil.

Before buds are formed, the earth cannot be fertilized, because only leaves will begin to grow. Fertilizer is applied during the entire flowering season, every 7-10 days. As a top dressing, use any liquid complex fertilizer for flowering plants. You need to use it in a small amount.

Plant transplant

Indoor primrose is sold in small containers, immediately after purchase it needs to be transplanted. Also, adult plants older than 3-4 years are transplanted to a new place.

For transplanting primrose, it is important to choose the right pot, its volume should be 2-3 times larger than the top of the plant with leaves. At the bottom of the pot should be openings for the exit of excess water. You can buy ready-made land for primrose or make it yourself by mixing sand, peat and deciduous land in equal proportions.

How to transplant:

1. Dig up the plant carefully. If the roots are intertwined, you do not need to unravel them, just shake off the excess earth. Primroses have thin and fragile roots that break easily;
2. Drainage is laid at the bottom of the pot, the layer thickness is from 1 to 3 cm, depending on the size of the pot;
3. On top of the drainage layer, it is necessary to fill in 3-4 cm of the prepared soil and compact it with your hands so that the roots of the plant do not touch the drainage;
4. The plant must be placed in a pot, on the sides to fill with earth. It is not necessary to compact the soil;
5. The flower must be watered with settled water. The soil may compact and settle, in this case you need to add more soil mixture.

Primrose root system

Breeding methods

Owners of primrose can easily propagate the plant, this can be done in different ways. Both purple and yellow indoor primrose can propagate by seed or by dividing the plant into parts.

Seeds

Growing from seeds is more often used for primroses growing in a garden plot. At home, you need enough time for the seed to germinate. You need to plant seeds in June-July, how to do it right:

1. First you need to prepare the tank for landing, it should be low;
2. The tank is filled with earth mixtures intended for planting primrose. The height of the layer should be 2-3 cm;
3. Primrose seeds are small, they do not need to be buried deeply. It is enough to lay them on top of the ground and slightly crush;
4. The container is covered with a film or plastic, placed in a cool place. The temperature should be between 15-19 ° C.

Sprouts in the ground

The earth in the pot should always be moist, but not moist. Every day you need to remove the film to ventilate the soil with seeds. After 14-20 days, the first sprouts will appear.

Dividing the bush

For indoor plants, vegetative propagation is most often used. The plant along with the root system is cut into several parts. You can only share adult primrose, not younger than 3-4 years. How to do it right:

1. The plant is carefully pulled out of the pot, shaking off excess soil;
2. Roots need to be washed with cold running water, put on a dry cloth. Excess water should drain;
3. Using a sharp knife, the bush is divided into 2-3 parts. Each piece should have 1 growth point - the upper part of the main shoot;
4. Sections must be immediately treated with carbon powder.

All chopped parts of the bush should be immediately planted in the ground, otherwise they may dry out.

Primrose Forcing

Distillation is the process of accelerating plant growth. For flowering, it is carried out by February 14 and March 8, when the demand for flowers increases several times.

Lots of flower pots

For priming suitable primrose grown from seeds, their age must be at least 2 years. If the flower was propagated by division, you need to use plants older than 3 years. Distillation is carried out in several stages:

1. Primroses are planted in open ground at a distance of 15-20 cm between the seedlings. The soil should be rich in humus, a plot of 50 m² is fertilized with 3-4 kg of superphosphate and 1 kg of potassium sulfate. Additionally, you can make 100-150 kg of compost or manure;
2. In April-May, seedlings need to be fed 1 time with liquid fertilizers. A mixture of water and manure in a proportion of 10: 1;
3. Before frost, street primroses are dug up together with a large piece of land;
4. Dug plants are planted in prepared containers or immediately in the pots in which they remain. Fill the pots with a mixture of sand and peat or with a mixture of earth for transplanting primrose. It is not necessary to feed the soil, otherwise only leaves will begin to grow;
5. Planted plants are stored in basements at a temperature of 5-9 ° C. If the frosts are not severe, storage in covered indoor greenhouses is allowed, which are sprinkled with dry foliage for the winter;
6. From the end of January to the beginning of February, plants are transferred to a lighted room, the air temperature should be within 17 ° C. During the week, primrose is watered every 2 days with a small amount of water, the previous irrigation regime gradually resumes.

Some varieties bloom in April, some begin to bloom in February. In the spring, these primroses can be planted on the site, after a few years they can be reused for distillation.

Primroses are flowers that take root equally well in different conditions, including at home. If the primrose is properly looked after, it will delight for a long time with its appearance, bright coloring and pleasant aroma.

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