On their land plots, many people grow not only plants that bring practical benefits, but also something that simply pleases the eye. Among such green spaces is a fern, a hero of fairy tales and legends of the Russian people. How to properly plant it, how to properly care for and from which pests to care for, few know.
What fern is grown in the garden
Fern - a family of green plants, which has more than 10 thousand different species. This representative of the flora lives around the world. It prefers shade and humidity to sunny and dry places. In addition, he is quite unpretentious. All together makes this spore plant an excellent option for garden greens. Once it was eaten, attributed to it healing properties. Now the fern has a decorative status.
Fern
This family historically has a mysterious halo. People believed that fern blooms only on the night of Ivan Kupala, in the thickets above the treasure. Anyone who wants to find him will be disturbed by unclean power, a mysterious color (in the folklore description - beautiful, shimmering with all the colors of the rainbow) must be found before dawn. So say the legends of the people. It has long been proven that an ancient person mystified an ordinary phenomenon. The fern itself does not bloom. For the legendary flower, young, rolled up vayy or other plants blooming in the neighborhood took it.
Interesting. Ferns are the oldest inhabitants of the Earth. They arose many years before the first person appeared on it.
This representative of the flora dumps its greenery for the winter. It will be a mistake to call it leaves. The fern has no leaves - only leaf plates, which are scientifically called waiyami. They can be different in size depending on the species: from just three centimeters long and up to the height of the trees. The root system of this plant family is strong, powerful.
The fern in the garden has long been no new thing for summer residents. Everyone uses it: an amateur gardener for a flowerbed in the yard, and a professional for landscape design. The most commonly used types are:
- Common ostrich. Its vayi resemble an ostrich feather, where the name of the plant came from. Such sheet plates can reach one and a half meters in length. Ostrich root goes down, grows vertically.
- Orlyak ordinary. This fern is planted in schools. It is relatively low - Wii can reach a mark of 70 centimeters. It resembles an eagle feather in shape, hence the name of the species. For animals, it is poisonous, but for people it is not dangerous. His root system is also vertical, while being highly branched.
Young vaya
- Female coder. At first glance, garden fern is similar from species to species, only a professional can distinguish it. For example, a female cuticle skier has a more pronounced dissection of a leaf plate than an Ostrich or Orlyak. Vaya fern grows, as required by a particular variety - some do not exceed 30 centimeters, others reach 70. The root of this species is short, but thick.
- Nippon Wanderer. Like the female, he has a clearly visible dissection of the vayya. It is this species that produces an unusual color - grayish-green, with dark red veins. It is noteworthy that, even though the fern loves shade and moisture, the Nippon wanderer still needs a little sun to make his vaya's pattern more vivid. Moreover, when propagating by spores, the trait of the variety is not transmitted, only when growing a new sprout from the root.
Orlyak ordinary
There are many species of fern, but it is the above that are ideally suited as summer plants.
How to plant a fern
In general, this representative of the flora is unpretentious. It’s easy to plant a fern - as with capricious roses, you don’t have to bother with it. Nevertheless, a number of recommendations will have to be followed so that the plant takes root and delights with lush bushes.
In open ground
Fern can grow very much, capturing new territory. Then it is recommended to plant them so that they do not displace other plants. Planting and care of street fern in the garden have several important points that need attention:
- Shadow. In the active sun, fern dies. Therefore, it is better to choose shady places for them. In the case of the Nippon wandering skier, you need to choose a corner where only the first sun's rays will fall, otherwise it requires protection from the sun.
Nippon Wanderer
- Loose earth. Transplanting a fern will not work out horribly. It cannot be planted in caked soil. He actively "breathes" the root and suffocates in hard earth. The soil must be loose, not trampled.
- Frequent watering. Without exception, all types of fern love moisture. So, they plant them, abundantly watering the landing pit. In the future, they provide constant maintenance of moisture in the place where the bush grows. At the same time, water must not be allowed to stagnate. At the roots it is important to build good drainage.
- The right time. It is better to plant ferns in the open ground in the spring, while the young are young. This increases the chances that the plant will take root.
- Do not tighten. The dug sprout needs a quick transplant. You can not keep it in the air for a long time, otherwise the roots will dry out.
In the pot
Street fern in the country lives for several years. Nothing lasts forever, and sooner or later the plant dies. However, if in the autumn to pick up its sprout in a pot and take home, grow it during the winter, then in the spring it will be possible to plant an already grown seedling in the country. He will be more likely to adapt to the new environment.
Fern transplant
This fern planting has its own nuances:
- Moderate lighting. Do not push the pot into the far corner. It will be too dark in the house. It is just as harmful as the burning rays of the sun. It is better to choose a room where the fern will stand near the window, but at the same time it will not be exposed to direct sunlight.
- Watering. All ferns love water. Therefore, sometimes you can arrange a small shower for the plant. Be sure to ensure that the soil at the roots does not dry out, remains moist.
- Pot size. Ferns in the garden usually grow large, not dwarf. They have a powerful root system, this is important to consider when choosing a pot. It is better to take the one that is larger, so that the plant definitely has a reserve for growth.
- Temperature. There is an opinion that fern needs coolness, therefore, in a room with a sprout, the temperature must not be higher than 15 degrees. This is mistake. This representative of the flora will be quite comfortable at 22-23 degrees Celsius.
- Humidity. Dry air is harmful to this plant, so in the heating season you do not need to keep it near batteries and heaters. It will not be amiss to humidify the air in the room or spray the fern with water, in the rain - open the window to increase the humidity naturally.
Interesting. There are species of Ferns that can generally be grown at home. These include homemade fern Nephrolepis
.
You can also transplant into a pot and take Orlyak ordinary to the room (in this case, the above recommendations will do).
Sometimes there is a very beautiful fern in the forest. This happens when the soil and conditions are ideal for this representative of the flora. A person wants to have the same handsome man at home. Then he will probably want to transplant him into his territory. Forest fern in this regard has its own set of rules:
- Moderate bush size. I would like to get everything at once, that is, to dig out and transplant immediately a large bush. This is fraught with the death of the plant. The larger the fern, the more powerful its root, which in addition strongly branches. There is a high probability of chopping it with a shovel. It is better to dig a small or medium bush without clearing the ground from the roots. As a lump is removed from the earth, so a lump of fern is transported to a new dwelling.
- Remove most of the leaves. Experienced gardeners recommend removing 90% of all leaf fern leaves. Planting a fern, leaving it as it is, is not recommended. If the greens are well thinned out, the plant will be able to cast strength on adaptation, and not on maintaining the state of each vaya.
Note! When transplanting a fern into another soil, it is recommended to capture a small amount of land from the forest in which it grew. It is added to the landing hole in a new place. This helps the plant adapt faster in the new environment.
- Plant in new ground immediately. In an ideal case, the transplant looks like this: a fern in the forest, watered an hour before the manipulation, is dug up. The roots are not cleared from the ground, and a small amount of soil is taken with you. After digging, the plant is immediately carried to a new habitat. Forest land is added to the previously prepared hole, then the fern is transplanted, do not forget to water it well.
Who harms a garden fern
Like all living things in this world, fern in the country and in the house can be sick, parasites can harm it. For this, the gardener should be ready.
Digging fern in the forest
Disease
Fern family can overcome viruses, fungi, bacteria. You need to notice problems in time and take action.
Fern Diseases
| Disease | Symptoms | Treatment |
|---|---|---|
| Anthracnose | Wii get dark, brown spots appear on them | Remove damaged parts, treat the surviving herbs with a systemic fungicide. Reduce watering and spraying. |
| Root rot | Yellowing and falling leaf plates | Water less |
| Gray mold | It affects the whole plant | Remove damaged parts. Treat survivors with a special fungicide. Avoid getting water on your wai. Avoid fertilizers with nitrogen. |
Fern anthracnose
Pests
Not only due to diseases alone can a plant begin to wither. Sometimes a completely healthy, full of strength fern suddenly begins to wither before his eyes, to hurt. Then you can suspect infection by any pests. The following are the most common.
Fern Pests
| Pest | Symptoms | Treatment |
|---|---|---|
| Whitefly | The lethargy of the fern. White small moths fluttering from the leaves. Stains of gray mold, eggs and larvae on the back of the leaf. | · If the infection is not strong, you need to arrange a cool shower for the plant. In the cold, whiteflies die. Repeat the procedure several times, since the eggs are immune to the cold. If the indoor fern gets sick, you can put it in a cool place (about 12 degrees Celsius) at night. · If the infection is serious, then special insecticides should be used, which make the plant juice poisonous to insects. |
| White women | Small white wingless insects on the soil | They appear from waterlogging of the soil, therefore it is necessary to reduce watering. It is recommended to dry the earth. |
| Mealybug | White plaque on vayay or in the soil, on the walls of the pot | · If plaque is on waiyi, remove affected parts and topsoil. · If plaque on the soil, transplant the plant in a new pot and fresh soil, after thoroughly washing the roots with water. |
Mealybug
Proper garden fern care
The fern needs to be looked after, like any other flower. It is especially strictly required to observe a number of conditions necessary for him in the first year after transplantation:
- The soil in which this spore plant grows must be moist. The fact that he needs humidity, has already been said. The fact is that during the first year from transplantation this requirement is especially important.
- Top dressing. Ferns, like humans, sometimes need minerals and vitamins. Therefore, in spring and summer it is recommended to feed them with fertilizers. You can buy them at any flower shop.
Note! It is strictly forbidden to use fertilizers if the fern is only replanted (should pass at least three months after this), as well as if the soil is dry to avoid root burns. If the plant is weak, then it is recommended to fertilize not by the root method, but through irrigation of the leaves. The feeding solution must be weak.
- Loosening. Ferns have developed root "respiration". This means that they are saturated with oxygen not only through the vayi, but also through the roots, and more actively than many other colors. Therefore, it is impossible that the earth around them is caked, it is recommended to loosen it from time to time.
Fern is an ideal plant for beginning gardeners. Its cultivation takes a minimum of effort. Nevertheless, you should not let the flora grow by gravity, you must pay due attention to any flower in your garden.
